Arthroscopic treatment of patients with moderate arthrofibrosis after total knee replacement

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to document the effect of arthroscopic management in patients with knee stiffness after total knee replacement. We present a case series study, in which 32 patients have been treated for moderate arthrofibrosis of the knee after total knee replacement, with the same regimen. We have excluded all cases of stiffness, because of infection, mechanical mal-alignment, loosening of the implants and other obvious reasons of stiffness of the knee, rather than pure arthrofibrosis. All patients first underwent a trial of conservative treatment before going for arthroscopic management. A pain catheter for femoral nerve block was inserted just before anesthesia for post-operative pain management. Arthroscopic arthrolysis of the intra-articular pathology was performed in a standardized technique with release of all fibrous bands in the suprapatellar pouch, reestablishing the medial and lateral gutter, release of the patella, resection of the remaining meniscal tissue or an anterior cyclops, if needed. Intensive physiotherapy and continuous passive motion were to start immediately post-operatively. All the patients were available for the follow up and they were evaluated using the knee society rating system. A total of 25 of the 32 procedures resulted in an improvement of the patients knee score. All the knees operated upon had intra-articular fibrous bands, hypertrophic synovitis and peri-patellar adhesions. A total of eight patients suffered from an anterior cyclops lesion and six patients showed pseudomenicus. In 19 cases a medial and lateral relapse of the patella was performed; only 5 patients got an isolated lateral release. The mean knee flexion was 119° (100–130) at the end of arthroscopy and was 97° (75–115) at the last follow up. The eight patients with extension lags decreased from 27° (10°–35°) pre-operatively to 4° (0–10) at time of follow up. The average knee society ratings increased from 70 points prior to the arthroscopy to 86 at time of follow up, which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01, student’s t test). The average function score also showed improvement from 68 points pre-operatively to 85 at the time of final follow up. The average pain scores improved from 30 points pre-operatively to 41 at the time of final follow up. Our results showed that arthroscopic management of knee stiffness following total knee replacement is a safe and efficient method of treatment. Pain and functional knee scores can improve markedly.