Synthetic Spectra and Color-Temperature Relations of M Giants

Abstract

As part of a project to model the integrated spectra and colors of elliptical galaxies through evolutionary synthesis, we have refined our synthetic spectrum calculations of M giants. After critically assessing three effective temperature scales for M giants, we adopted the relation of Dyck et al. for our models. Using empirical spectra of field M giants as a guide, we then calculated MARCS stellar atmosphere models and SSG synthetic spectra of these cool stars, adjusting the band absorption oscillator strengths of the TiO bands to better reproduce the observational data. The resulting synthetic spectra are found to be in very good agreement with the K-band spectra of stars of the appropriate spectral type taken from Kleinmann & Hall as well. Spectral types estimated from the strengths of the TiO bands and the depth of the band head of CO near 2.3 μm quantitatively confirm that the synthetic spectra are good representations of those of field M giants. The broadband colors of the models match the field relations of K and early-M giants very well; for late-M giants, differences between the field star and synthetic colors are probably caused by the omission of spectral lines of VO and H₂O in the spectrum synthesis calculations. Here, we present four grids of K-band bolometric corrections and colors—Johnson U-V and B-V, Cousins V-R and V-I, Johnson-Glass V-K, J-K, and H-K, and CIT/CTIO V-K, J-K, H-K, and CO—for models having 3000 K ≤ T_eff ≤ 4000 K and -0.5 ≤ log g ≤ 1.5. These grids, which have [Fe/H] = +0.25, 0.0, -0.5, and -1.0, extend and supplement the color-temperature relations of hotter stars presented in a companion paper.