Anterograde Spread of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Requires Glycoprotein E and Glycoprotein I but Not Us9
- 1 September 2009
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 83 (17), 8315-8326
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00633-09
Abstract
Anterograde neuronal spread (i.e., spread from the neuron cell body toward the axon terminus) is a critical component of the alphaherpesvirus life cycle. Three viral proteins, gE, gI, and Us9, have been implicated in alphaherpesvirus anterograde spread in several animal models and neuron culture systems. We sought to better define the roles of gE, gI, and Us9 in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) anterograde spread using a compartmentalized primary neuron culture system. We found that no anterograde spread occurred in the absence of gE or gI, indicating that these proteins are essential for HSV-1 anterograde spread. However, we did detect anterograde spread in the absence of Us9 using two independent Us9-deleted viruses. We confirmed the Us9 finding in different murine models of neuronal spread. We examined viral transport into the optic nerve and spread to the brain after retinal infection; the production of zosteriform disease after flank inoculation; and viral spread to the spinal cord after flank inoculation. In all models, anterograde spread occurred in the absence of Us9, although in some cases at reduced levels. This finding contrasts with gE- and gI-deleted viruses, which displayed no anterograde spread in any animal model. Thus, gE and gI are essential for HSV-1 anterograde spread, while Us9 is dispensable.This publication has 47 references indexed in Scilit:
- Comparison of the Pseudorabies Virus Us9 Protein with Homologs from Other Veterinary and Human AlphaherpesvirusesJournal of Virology, 2009
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein E Mediates Retrograde Spread from Epithelial Cells to NeuritesJournal of Virology, 2009
- Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI and US9 Proteins Promote Transport of both Capsids and Virion Glycoproteins in Neuronal AxonsJournal of Virology, 2008
- Fusion of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein to the Pseudorabies Virus Axonal Sorting Protein Us9 Blocks Anterograde Spread of Infection in Mammalian NeuronsJournal of Virology, 2008
- A Replication-Competent, Neuronal Spread-Defective, Live Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 VaccineJournal of Virology, 2008
- Blocking Antibody Access to Neutralizing Domains on Glycoproteins Involved in Entry as a Novel Mechanism of Immune Evasion by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoproteins C and EJournal of Virology, 2008
- Axonal transport mediates West Nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
- Pseudorabies Virus Us9 Directs Axonal Sorting of Viral CapsidsJournal of Virology, 2007
- Viral regulation of the long distance axonal transport of herpes simplex virus nucleocapsidNeuroscience, 2007
- Role of Pseudorabies Virus Us3 Protein Kinase during Neuronal InfectionJournal of Virology, 2006