2-dimensional materials-based electrical/optical platforms for smart on-off diagnostics applications

Abstract

With the first successful separation of monoatomic layer materials (graphene) in the world, the concept of two-dimensional materials (2D materials) was first proposed, referring to materials in which electrons can only move freely on the nanoscale in two dimensions, including four major categories: graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). 2D materials are widely used in fields such as field-effect transistors and optoelectronic devices due to their adjustable band gap characteristics. Different 2D materials have different electrical or optical characteristics due to the special properties of the crystal structure. By virtue of fluorescence quenching and the changes in electrochemical properties caused by structural transformation of 2D materials, many researchers have made use of its unique virtues to fabricate light-switching and current-switching sensors based fluorescence emission and electron transfer for various medical diagnostics. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of 2D materials and the construction mechanism in optoelectronic materials, and review the application of switching sensors based on 2D materials for the diagnosis of various diseases in recent years.