Environmental Stimuli Shape Biofilm Formation and the Virulence of Periodontal Pathogens
Open Access
- 20 August 2013
- journal article
- review article
- Published by MDPI AG in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Vol. 14 (8), 17221-17237
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140817221
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures. It is initiated by bacteria growing as a biofilm at the gingival margin, and communication of the biofilms differs in health and disease. The bacterial composition of periodontitis-associated biofilms has been well documented and is under continual investigation. However, the roles of several host response and inflammation driven environmental stimuli on biofilm formation is not well understood. This review article addresses the effects of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, cytokines, hormones, and oxidative stress on periodontal biofilm formation and bacterial virulence.This publication has 123 references indexed in Scilit:
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