Chemical composition of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seeds and characteristics of their lipid fraction
Open Access
- 17 February 2011
- journal article
- Published by Editorial CSIC in Grasas y Aceites
- Vol. 62 (1), 76-83
- https://doi.org/10.3989/gya044510
Abstract
The seeds of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) from Colombia were analyzed for their main chemical composition. Sacha inchi seeds (SIS) were rich in oil (41.4%) and protein (24.7%). The main minerals present in SIS were potassium (5563.5 ppm), magnesium (3210 ppm) and calcium (2406 ppm). A fatty acid analysis revealed that a-linolenic (50.8%) and linoleic (33.4%) acids were the main fatty acids in Sacha inchi oil (SIO). The lipid fractionation of SIO, obtained by solid phase extraction, yielded mainly neutral lipids (97.2%), and lower amounts of free fatty acids (1.2%) and phospholipids (0.8%). The physicochemical properties of the oil include: saponification number 185.2; iodine value 193.1; density 0.9187 g/cm3, refractive index 1.4791 and viscosity of 35.4 mPa.s. The melting profiles of SIO were characterized by the presence of one wide endothermic peak with a melting enthalpy of 23.2 J/g. Our results indicate that Sacha inchi is an important new crop with applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Semillas de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) de Colombia fueron analizadas en su composición química. Las semillas de Sacha inchi (SIO) fueron ricas en aceite (41.4%) y proteína (24.7%). Los principales minerales presentes en las SIS fueron potasio (5563.5 ppm), magnesio (3210 ppm) y calcio (2406 ppm). El análisis de ácidos grasos reveló que los ácidos a-linolénico (50.8%) y linoleico (33.4%) fueron los principales ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite de Sacha inchi (SIO). El fraccionamiento del SIO, realizado por extracción en fase sólida, produjo principalmente lípidos neutros (97.2%), y bajas cantidades de ácidos grasos libres (1.2%) y fosfolípidos (0.8%). Las propiedades fisicoquímicas del aceite incluyen: índice de saponificación 185.2; índice de yodo 193.1; densidad 0.9187 g/cm3, índice de refracción 1.4791 y viscosidad 35.4 mPa.s. Los perfiles de fusión del SIO se caracterizaron por la presencia de un ancho pico endotérmico con una entalpía de fusión de 23.2 J/g. Los resultados indican que el Sacha inchi es una importante nueva especie con aplicaciones en las industrias de alimentos y farmacéuticaKeywords
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