Toxin-induced models of Parkinson’s disease
- 1 July 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in NeuroRX
- Vol. 2 (3), 484-494
- https://doi.org/10.1602/neurorx.2.3.484
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that appears essentially as a sporadic condition. It results mainly from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD etiology remains mysterious, whereas its pathogenesis begins to be understood as a multifactorial cascade of deleterious factors. Most insights into PD pathogenesis come from investigations performed in experimental models of PD, especially those produced by neurotoxins. Although a host of natural and synthetic molecules do exert deleterious effects on dopaminergic neurons, only a handful are used in living laboratory animals to recapitulate some of the hallmarks of PD. In this review, we discuss what we believe are the four most popular parkinsonian neurotoxins, namely 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, and paraquat. The main goal is to provide an updated summary of the main characteristics of each of these four neurotoxins. However, we also try to provide the reader with an idea about the various strengths and the weaknesses of these neurotoxic models.Keywords
This publication has 122 references indexed in Scilit:
- Variable effects of chronic subcutaneous administration of rotenone on striatal histologyJournal of Comparative Neurology, 2004
- α-Synuclein Locus Triplication Causes Parkinson's DiseaseScience, 2003
- Protective Effect of Talipexole on MPTP-Treated Planarian, a Unique Parkinsonian Worm ModelThe Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, 1998
- Survival of nigral grafts within the striatum of marmosets with 6-OHDA lesions depends critically on donor embryo ageCell Transplantation, 1997
- Chemical Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation Hampers Defibrillation in the DogJournal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 1997
- Effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions on neuropeptide immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia of the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, a quantitative immunohistochemical analysisJournal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 1995
- 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions reduce BDNF mRNA levels in adult rat brain substantia nigraNeuroReport, 1994
- Differential effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the two types of nerve vesicles and dopamine and noradrenaline content in mesenteric arterial vesselsJournal of Autonomic Pharmacology, 1988
- Paraquat Poisoning by Skin Absorption: A ReviewHuman Toxicology, 1988
- MPTP: an industrial chemical and contaminant of illicit narcotics stimulates a new era in research on Parkinson's disease.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1987