Shared Pathways of IκB Kinase-Induced SCFβTrCP-Mediated Ubiquitination and Degradation for the NF-κB Precursor p105 and IκBα

Abstract

P105 (NFKB1) acts in a dual way as a cytoplasmic I kappaB molecule and as the source of the NF-kappaB p50 subunit upon processing. p105 can form various heterodimers with other NF-kappaB subunits, including its own processing product, p50, and these complexes are signal responsive. Signaling through the I kappaB kinase (Ik;Ii) complex invokes p105 degradation and p50 homodimer formation, involving p105 phosphorylation at a C-terminal destruction box. We show here that IKK beta phosphorylation of p105 is direct and does not require kinases downstream of IKK. p105 contains an IKK docking site located in a death domain, which is separate from the substrate site. The substrate residues were identified as serines 923 and 927, the latter of which was previously assumed to be a threonine, S927 is part of a conserved DSG Psi motif and is functionally most critical. The region containing both serines is homologous to the N-terminal destruction box of I kappaB alpha, -beta, and -epsilon. Upon phosphorylation by IKK, p105 attracts the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition molecules beta TrCP1 and beta TrCP2, resulting in polyubiquitination and complete degradation by the proteasome. However, processing of p105 is independent of IKK signaling. In line with this and as a physiologically relevant model, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced degradation of endogenous p105 and p50 homodimer formation, but not processing in pre-B cells. In mutant pre-B cells lacking IKK gamma, processing was unaffected, but LPS-induced p105 degradation was abolished. Thus, a functional endogenous IKK complex is required for signal-induced p105 degradation but not for processing.