Dairy Products, Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D Intake as Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 26,769 Cases From 45 Observational Studies
- 26 June 2008
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in Nutrition and Cancer
- Vol. 60 (4), 421-441
- https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580801911779
Abstract
In this study, we examined the available evidence and sources of heterogeneity for studies of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D intake and the risk of prostate cancer. We pooled data from 45 observational studies using a general variance-based, meta-analytic method employing CIs. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated for specific dairy products such as milk and dairy micronutrients. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of these summary measures of effect. Cohort studies showed no evidence of an association between dairy [RR = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-1.22] or milk intake (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.91-1.23) and risk of prostate cancer. This was supported by pooled results of case-control analyses (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.00-1.29), although studies using milk as the exposure of interest were heterogeneous and could not be combined. Calcium data from cohort studies were heterogeneous. Case-control analyses using calcium as the exposure of interest demonstrated no association with increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.90-1.15). Dietary intake of vitamin D also was not related to prostate cancer risk (RR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.98-1.38). The data from observational studies do not support an association between dairy product use and an increased risk of prostate cancer.Keywords
This publication has 56 references indexed in Scilit:
- Dairy products, calcium and prostate cancer riskBritish Journal of Cancer, 2006
- Diet After Diagnosis and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression, Recurrence, and Death (United States)Cancer Causes & Control, 2006
- Dietary Intake of Calcium, Vitamin D, Phosphorus and the Risk of Prostate CancerEuropean Urology, 2005
- Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, CanadaInternational Journal of Cancer, 2005
- A prospective study of diet and prostate cancer in Japanese menCancer Causes and Control, 2004
- Food groups and risk of prostate cancer in ItalyInternational Journal of Cancer, 2004
- Diet and prostate cancer: a case-control studyEuropean Journal Of Cancer, 1997
- Nutrition and prostate cancer: A proposal for dietary interventionNutrition and Cancer, 1994
- A Prospective Study of Dietary Fat and Risk of Prostate CancerJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1993
- Diet and prostatic cancer: A case‐control study in northern ItalyNutrition and Cancer, 1992