Coexistence of Different Symmetry Order Parameters near a Surface ind-Wave Superconductors I

Abstract
A possible coexistence of different symmetry order parameters is studied near a surface of d -wave supercoductors. The appearance of a different symmetry order parameter depends sensitively on the surface direction relative to the d -wave order parameter. In the case of d x 2 - y 2 -wave, the (1, 1, 0) surface is the most favorable for coexistence. The coexisting order parameters having ±π/2 as their relative phase break locally the time-reversal symmetry near the surface.