Anomalously large gap anisotropy in the a-b plane of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

Abstract

Superconducting gap anisotropy at least an order of magnitude larger than that of the conventional superconductors has been observed in the a-b plane of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_2$ ${\mathrm{Sr}}_2$ ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_2$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\delta }}$ in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. For samples with ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of 88 K, the gap size reaches a maximum of approximately 20 meV along the Cu-O bond direction, and a minimum of much smaller or vanishing magnitude 45° away. The experimental data are discussed within the context of various theoretical models. In particular, a detailed comparison with what is expected from a superconductor with a ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^2$-${\mathit{y}}^2$ order parameter is carried out, yielding a consistent picture.