Biochemical markers surrogating on vascular effects of sex steroid hormones
- 1 January 2006
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Gynecological Endocrinology
- Vol. 22 (3), 163-173
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590600629258
Abstract
The main mechanism of possible cardioprotection by estrogens appears to be a direct effect on the vasculature, resulting in an improvement of endothelial function and inhibition of atherogenesis. Numerous observational and experimental studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between estrogens and various biochemical markers surrogating direct vascular effects. In general, most markers are influenced in a similar way by oral and transdermal hormone therapy, although oral therapy may have a faster and more pronounced effect. The main difference between oral and transdermal administration may be confined to markers that are mainly or exclusively produced in the liver. Clinical studies demonstrate that progestogen addition can have an impact on the beneficial estrogen-induced changes of biochemical markers. Concerning the effects of tibolone, inconsistent data have been found. Overall, tibolone-induced beneficial changes on the various biochemical markers appear to be less marked compared with those of hormone therapy. The few data available on the direct effects of androgens on the vascular wall indicate a less favorable action of androgens on biochemical markers than of estrogens. The practical relevance of marker measurements is currently under discussion. Although evidence strongly supports some of these markers as predictors of acute events, it remains to be established whether modifying circulating levels of these markers will influence outcomes.Keywords
This publication has 96 references indexed in Scilit:
- Effect of Transdermal Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Concentrations and Other Vascular Inflammatory Markers and on Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal WomenThe American Journal of Cardiology, 2005
- Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women With HysterectomyJama-Journal Of The American Medical Association, 2004
- Testosterone inhibits tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression in human aortic endothelial cellsFEBS Letters, 2002
- 17β-estradiol inhibits the adhesion of leukocytes in TNF-α stimulated human endothelial cells by blocking IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion, but not its transcriptionLife Sciences, 2002
- Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled TrialJama-Journal Of The American Medical Association, 2002
- Progesterone and 17 β-estradiol acutely stimulate nitric oxide synthase activity in rat aorta and inhibit platelet aggregationLife Sciences, 2001
- Book Review Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology By Richard J. Johnson and John Feehally. Approximately 700 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, Mosby, 2000. $189. 0-7234-3117-5The New England Journal of Medicine, 2000
- The Long-Term Effects of Oral and Transdermal Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy on Nitric Oxide, Endothelin-1, Prostacyclin, and ThromboxaneFertility and Sterility, 1998
- Effect of estradiol metabolites on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidationLife Sciences, 1997
- Pharmacodynamic profile of prostacyclinThe American Journal of Cardiology, 1995