Effects of Oral Probiotics on Subjective Halitosis, Oral Health, and Psychosocial Health of College Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Open Access
- 28 January 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Vol. 18 (3), 1143
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031143
Abstract
Altogether, 81% of Korean college students experience halitosis and concomitant psychosocial problems such as depression and lowered self-esteem, as well as poor oral-health-related quality of life. Although halitosis causes many social and psychological problems among college students, there have been no reports of improvement interventions. This study aimed to identify the effects of ingesting tablets of the oral probiotic Weissella cibaria CMU (Chonnam Medical University, Gwangju, Korea) on halitosis and examine its effects on psychosocial indicators. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. They ingested W. cibaria CMU or the placebo, depending on which group they belonged to, before going to bed daily for eight weeks. The measured indicators were subjective halitosis, subjective oral-health status, depression, self-esteem, and oral-health-related quality of life. Measurements were at baseline and eight weeks later. The participants showed statistically significant differences in subjective halitosis and oral-health-related quality of life. For college students with halitosis, intake of the oral probiotic for eight weeks could be a useful nursing intervention for reducing halitosis and improving oral-health-related quality of life.Keywords
Funding Information
- Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B03030952)
This publication has 19 references indexed in Scilit:
- Relationship of Depression, Stress, and Self-Esteem with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Middle-Aged WomenJournal of dental hygiene science, 2015
- Relationship between subjective halitosis and psychological factorsInternational Dental Journal, 2015
- Halitosis: an overview of epidemiology, etiology and clinical managementBrazilian Oral Research, 2011
- Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probioticLactobacillus reuterion the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluidActa Odontologica Scandinavica, 2009
- Antibacterial activity of yoghurt against viridans streptococci in vitroArchives of Oral Biology, 2008
- Development of a Structural Equation Model to estimate University Students' DepressionJournal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 2008
- Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compoundsJournal of Clinical Periodontology, 2006
- Decreased gum bleeding and reduced gingivitis by the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri.2006
- Production and Origin of Oral Malodor: A Review of Mechanisms and Methods of AnalysisThe Journal of Periodontology, 1977