Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of the Literature
Open Access
- 2 July 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Autoimmune Diseases
- Vol. 2012, 1-9
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/290898
Abstract
About one-third of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus have ocular manifestations. The most common manifestation is keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The most vision threatening are retinal vasculitis and optic neuritis/neuropathy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of eye disease is paramount as they are often associated with high levels of systemic inflammation and end-organ damage. Initial management with high-dose oral or IV corticosteroids is often necessary. Multiple “steroid-sparing” treatment options exist with the most recently studied being biologic agents.Keywords
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