Surface segregation and interface stability of AlN/GaN, GaN/InN, and AlN/InN {0001} epitaxial systems

Abstract

Surface segregation in wide band-gap nitride alloys was studied using ab initio calculations. In agreement with recent experiments we find that ${\mathrm{Al}}_x{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1-x}\mathrm{N}$ {0001} surfaces prefer Ga termination, and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_x{\mathrm{In}}_{1-x}\mathrm{N}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_x{\mathrm{In}}_{1-x}\mathrm{N}$ {0001} prefer In termination. The segregation energy is found to depend critically on the type of surface reconstruction. For cation-terminated reconstructions on both the (0001) and $\left(0001\mathrm{}¯\right)$ surfaces the segregation energies are similar and an order of magnitude larger than in the arsenides or Si/Ge systems. The largest segregation energy of about 3.6 eV is found for the AlN/InN surface. In contrast, segregation effects for the N-adatom $2\times 2$ reconstruction on the (0001) surfaces are strongly suppressed. At AlN/GaN and GaN/InN interfaces the segregation effects are very weak and should not affect their morphology. Our results suggest the choice of optimal conditions of growth that lead to sharp interfaces and longer lifetimes of carriers in III-nitride heterosystems.