Chronic Kidney Disease—Effect of Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem with increasing incidence. The annual mortality of end-stage renal disease patients is about 9%, which is 1020 fold higher than the general population, approximately 50% of these deaths are due to cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, are strongly associated with poor outcome. Many other nontraditional risk factors such as inflammation, infection, oxidative stress, anemia, and malnutrition are also present. In this review we will focus on the role of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.