Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Injury
Open Access
- 1 January 2011
- journal article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Cardiology Research and Practice
- Vol. 2011, 1-13
- https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/567389
Abstract
Both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major global health issues. Current clinical markers used to reflect renal injury include albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Given the same eGFR level, urine albumin might be a better risk marker to predict progression of CKD and future development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Serum Cystatin C is emerging as a new biomarker for early detection of renal injury associated with MetS and cardiovascular risk. In addition to each component, MetS per se influences the incidence and prognosis of renal injury and the odds ratios increased with the increase in the number of metabolic abnormalities. Hyperinsulinemia, activation of rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increase of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines are proposed to be the plausible biological link between MetS and CKD. Weight control, stick control of blood pressure, glucose, and lipids disorders may lead to lessening renal injury and even the subsequent CVD.Keywords
This publication has 115 references indexed in Scilit:
- Synergism in hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes: role of PPAR gamma and tempolCardiovascular Diabetology, 2010
- Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney DiseaseThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2010
- Hyperlipidemia and Long-Term Outcomes in Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney DiseaseClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2010
- Renal Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease MortalityJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010
- The relation of metabolic syndrome according to five definitions to cardiovascular risk factors - a population-based studyBMC Public Health, 2009
- Weight Loss Interventions in Chronic Kidney DiseaseClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2009
- The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in Hypertension: Roles of Insulin Resistance and Oxidative StressMedical Clinics of North America, 2009
- Metabolic Syndrome Predicts New Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5,829 Patients With Type 2 DiabetesDiabetes Care, 2008
- 10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 DiabetesThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2008
- Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities StudyKidney International, 2000