Post-transcriptional regulation of tumour necrosis factor alpha production
Open Access
- 1 November 2000
- journal article
- review article
- Published by BMJ in Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases
- Vol. 59 (90001), 3i-5
- https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.59.suppl_1.i3
Abstract
The 3' untranslated region of mRNAs encoding short lived immediate early genes (for example, fos, jun) as well as selected cytokines (for example, TNFα, GM-CSF) possess AU-rich elements that regulate protein expression. Class I AREs consist of one or more pentamer repeats (that is, AUUUA), whereas class II AREs consist of one or more nonamer repeats (that is, AUUUAUUUA). Whereas class I AREs are sufficient to promote the degradation of transcripts encoding immediate early proteins, both class I and class II AREs regulate the production of cytokines such as TNFα, GM-CSF, interleukin 3 (IL3) and interferon α (IFNα). The 3' untranslated region of TNFα transcripts contains both class I and class II AREs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have identified two distinct regulatory complexes that assemble on these adjacent cis elements in HeLa cells.14 15 The complex assembled on the class II ARE (designated complex 1) includes the related RNA binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR.14 The complex assembled on the class I ARE (designated complex 2) includes an unidentified 55 kDa protein. Whereas complex 1 forms with extracts derived from activated and unactivated macrophages, complex 2 is only formed using extracts derived from activated macrophages.This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Unraveling a cytoplasmic role for hnRNP D in the in vivo mRNA destabilization directed by the AU-rich elementPublished by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ,1999
- hnRNP complexes: composition, structure, and functionCurrent Opinion in Cell Biology, 1999
- Impaired On/Off Regulation of TNF Biosynthesis in Mice Lacking TNF AU-Rich Elements: Implications for Joint and Gut-Associated ImmunopathologiesImmunity, 1999
- Binding of neuronal ELAV‐like proteins to the uridine‐rich sequence in the 3′‐untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNAFEBS Letters, 1999
- RNA stabilization by the AU-rich element binding protein, HuR, an ELAV proteinThe EMBO Journal, 1998
- Mapping of a Minimal AU-rich Sequence Required for Lipopolysaccharide-induced Binding of a 55-kDa Protein on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α mRNAOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 1998
- The Role of 3′ Poly(A) Tail Metabolism in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α RegulationOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 1997
- Identification of HuR as a protein implicated in AUUUA-mediated mRNA decayThe EMBO Journal, 1997
- A Pathogenetic Role for TNFα in the Syndrome of Cachexia, Arthritis, and Autoimmunity Resulting from Tristetraprolin (TTP) DeficiencyImmunity, 1996
- Individual RNA Recognition Motifs of TIA-1 and TIAR Have Different RNA Binding SpecificitiesOnline Journal of Public Health Informatics, 1996