Gene therapy progress and prospects: Ultrasound for gene transfer
- 1 March 2007
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Gene Therapy
- Vol. 14 (6), 465-475
- https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302925
Abstract
Ultrasound exposure (USE) in the presence of microbubbles (MCB) (e.g. contrast agents used to enhance ultrasound imaging) increases plasmid transfection efficiency in vitro by several orders of magnitude. Formation of short-lived pores in the plasma membrane ('sonoporation'), up to 100 nm in effective diameter lasting a few seconds, is implicated as the dominant mechanism, associated with acoustic cavitation. Ultrasound enhanced gene transfer (UEGT) has also been successfully achieved in vivo, with reports of spatially restricted and therapeutically relevant levels of transgene expression. Loading MCB with nucleic acids and/or disease-targeting ligands may further improve the efficiency and specificity of UEGT such that clinical testing becomes a realistic prospect.This publication has 78 references indexed in Scilit:
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