Mechanisms of Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus by Chlorine
Open Access
- 1 October 2002
- journal article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Vol. 68 (10), 4951-4955
- https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.10.4951-4955.2002
Abstract
The study was intended to investigate the feasibility of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for evaluation of the efficacy of inactivation of viruses in water and to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) by chlorine. Cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and long-overlap RT-PCR were used to detect the infectivity, antigenicity, and entire genome of HAV inactivated or destroyed by chlorine. The cell culture results revealed the complete inactivation of infectivity after 30 min of exposure to 10 or 20 mg of chlorine per liter and the highest level of sensitivity in the 5′ nontranslated regions (5′NTR), inactivation of which took as much time as the inactivation of infectivity of HAV by chlorine. However, antigenicity was not completely destroyed under these conditions. Some fractions in the coding region were resistant to chlorine. To determine the specific region of the 5′NTR lost, three segments of primers were redesigned to monitor the region from bp 1 to 1023 across the entire genome. It was shown that the sequence from bp 1 to 671 was the region most sensitive to chlorine. The results suggested that the inactivation of HAV by chlorine was due to the loss of the 5′NTR. It is believed that PCR can be used to assess the efficacy of disinfection of HAV by chlorine as well as to research the mechanisms of inactivation of viruses by disinfectants.Keywords
This publication has 9 references indexed in Scilit:
- Disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide on bacteria in waterWater Research, 1997
- Disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide on viruses, algae and animal planktons in waterWater Research, 1997
- Antigenicity of hepatitis A virus after ultra-violet inactivationVaccine, 1995
- Detection of poliovirus by cell culture and by PCR after UV disinfectionWater Science & Technology, 1995
- Virucidal effect of UV light on hepatitis a virus in sea water: evaluation with cell culture and RT-PCRWater Science & Technology, 1995
- Detection of hepatitis A virus and other enteroviruses in water by ssRNA probesJournal of Virological Methods, 1991
- The reaction of nucleotides with aqueous hypochlorous acidWater Research, 1979
- Mechanism of disinfection: Incorporation of Cl-36 into f2 virusWater Research, 1979
- A comparative study of the inactivation of viruses in water by chlorineWater Research, 1972