Lifetime sedentary living accelerates some aspects of secondary aging
Open Access
- 1 November 2011
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Physiological Society in Journal of Applied Physiology
- Vol. 111 (5), 1497-1504
- https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00420.2011
Abstract
Aims: although exercise training induces hypertrophy with improved contractile function, the effect of exercise on myocardial substrate metabolism and cardiac efficiency is less clear. High intensity training has been shown to produce more profound effects on cardiovascular function and aerobic capacity than isocaloric low and moderate intensity training. The aim of the present study was to explore metabolic and mechanoenergetic changes in the heart following endurance exercise training of both high and moderate intensity. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 10 wk treadmill running, either high intensity interval training (HIT) or distance-matched moderate intensity training (MIT), where HIT led to a pronounced increase in maximal oxygen uptake. Although both modes of exercise were associated with a 10% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio, only HIT altered cardiac substrate utilization, as revealed by a 36% increase in glucose oxidation and a concomitant reduction in fatty acid oxidation. HIT also improved cardiac efficiency by decreasing work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, it increased cardiac maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Conclusion: This study shows that high intensity training is required for induction of changes in cardiac substrate utilization and energetics, which may contribute to the superior effects of high compared with moderate intensity training in terms of increasing aerobic capacity.Keywords
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- Changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lifespan: evidence from the Canadian National Population Health SurveyCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011
- Review: Mortality trends in the general population: the importance of cardiorespiratory fitnessJournal of Psychopharmacology, 2010
- Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ, 2010
- Extending Healthy Life Span—From Yeast to HumansScience, 2010
- Impact of age, sex, and exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatationAmerican Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2009
- Physical Inactivity and Obesity Underlie the Insulin Resistance of AgingDiabetes Care, 2009
- Endurance Exercise as a Countermeasure for AgingDiabetes, 2008
- Habitual exercise and arterial agingJournal of Applied Physiology, 2008
- Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort studyBMJ, 2008
- Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age‐associated changes and underlying physiological mechanismsJournal Of Physiology-London, 2008