Biomarkers of human exposure to ochratoxin A
Open Access
- 1 January 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Informa UK Limited in Food Additives & Contaminants
- Vol. 22 (sup1), 99-107
- https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500410315
Abstract
Low blood serum/plasma concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) have been reported for healthy persons in more than 20 countries. Epidemiology studies in Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, the Czech Republic, Turkey, Italy, Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia have found significantly higher serum or plasma levels of OTA in patients with certain kidney disorders compared to healthy people, although the association may not be a causal one. Regional variations within one country, seasonal differences and variation within one person were found in some studies. Correlations with age and gender have not usually been detected. Detection limits using liquid chromatographic methods are about 0.02–0.1 ng ml−1 plasma/serum so that incidences of positives often are 50–100%, reflecting widespread and continuous exposure of humans to OTA. In a study in the UK, OTA in urine was found to be a better indicator of OTA consumption than OTA in plasma. Nevertheless, blood plasma concentrations have been widely used to estimate dietary intake of OTA, using equations relating it with plasma concentration, plasma clearance and bioavailability. A further source of human exposure is airborne dust. OTA has been detected in human milk in several countries and comparisons with serum/blood levels have been made in Germany and Sweden.Keywords
This publication has 54 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ochratoxin A content of urine samples of healthy humans in HungaryActa Veterinaria Hungarica, 2005
- Ochratoxin A levels in human plasma and foods in LebanonHuman & Experimental Toxicology, 2004
- Ochratoxin A Analysen im Blut von Arbeitnehmern in der AbfallwirtschaftMycotoxin Research, 2003
- Ochratoxin a and human chronic nephropathy in Tunisia: is the situation endemic?Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2003
- Ochratoxin A in human plasma in Morocco: a preliminary surveyHuman & Experimental Toxicology, 2002
- Human OchratoxicosisJournal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews, 1999
- Plasma ochratoxin A levels in three Swedish populations surveyed using an ion‐pair HPLC techniqueFood Additives & Contaminants, 1991
- Monitoring of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in Czechoslovak human sera by immunoassayBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1990
- Determination of ochratoxin A in human milkZeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, 1988
- Ochratoxin A in der NahrungsmittelketteJournal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 1987