Cellular Constituents of Immune Escape within the Tumor Microenvironment
Open Access
- 1 July 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in Cancer Research
- Vol. 72 (13), 3125-3130
- https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-4094
Abstract
Established tumors are complex masses that contain not only neoplastic cells but also nontransformed cellular elements such as stromal cells, the neovasculature, and the full gamut of immune cells. However, evidence suggests that, unlike cells found in lymphoid organs that productively respond to acute infections, immune cells in tumors are dysregulated and functionally impaired. Tumor masses can contain regulatory lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, alternatively activated macrophages, and dendritic cells. Ablation or reprogramming of this aberrant microenvironment might dramatically augment cancer therapies, and this strategy is currently being deployed in a variety of clinical trials. A better understanding of the cellular constituents of tumors and the mechanisms involved in immune evasion may help guide the next generation of innovative cancer immunotherapies. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3125–30. ©2012 AACR.Keywords
This publication has 72 references indexed in Scilit:
- Imatinib potentiates antitumor T cell responses in gastrointestinal stromal tumor through the inhibition of IdoNature Medicine, 2011
- Improving Adoptive T Cell Therapy by Targeting and Controlling IL-12 Expression to the Tumor EnvironmentMolecular Therapy, 2011
- The Unholy Trinity: Inflammation, Cytokines, and STAT3 Shape The Cancer MicroenvironmentCancer Cell, 2011
- Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next GenerationCell, 2011
- Immune parameters affecting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimensNature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2011
- Adoptive T cell therapy of cancerCurrent Opinion in Immunology, 2010
- Macrophage Diversity Enhances Tumor Progression and MetastasisCell, 2010
- Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in inflammation: Uncovering cell subsets with enhanced immunosuppressive functionsEuropean Journal of Immunology, 2009
- Inflammation and cancerNature, 2002
- Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cellsNature Medicine, 1996