HPLC-MS Analysis of Proanthocyanidin Oligomers and Other Phenolics in 15 Strawberry Cultivars

Abstract

The phenolic compounds of 15 strawberry cultivars grown in Spain were analyzed and quantified: anthocyanins (20.2-47.4 mg/100 g of fw) (cyanidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside, 3-rutinoside, and 3-malonyl glucoside), flavonols (1.5-3.4 mg/100 g of fw) (quercetin 3-glucuronide and kaempferol 3-glucoside and 3-p-coumaroyl-glucoside), proanthocyanidins (53.9-163.2 mg/100 g), p-coumaroyl-glucose (0.84-6.70 mg/100 g), ellagitannins (9.67-22.86 mg/100 g) (sanguiin H-6, lambertianin C, and galloyl bis-HHDP-glucose), and ellagic acid glycosides (0.88-2.06 mg/100 g of fw) (two ellagic acid deoxyhexosides). Proanthocyanidins, the main phenolic compounds, were characterized by phloroglucinol degradation. Their mean degree of polymerization ranged from 3.4 for cv. Chiflon to 5.8 for cv. Ventana, the average value being 4.3. The terminal unit of proanthocyanidin oligomers was always (epi)catechin (17.36-29.93%) and (epi)catechin (61.66-75.39%) or (epi)afzelechin (4.50-10.54%) as extension units. Different combinations of (epi)catechin and (epi)afzelechin were detected, and their sequence of linkage was characterized by HPLC-MS-MS. Relative percentages of dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers were evaluated by the extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) analysis.