Incidence of device-related infection in 97 750 patients: clinical data from the complete Danish device-cohort (1982–2018)
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 1 June 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in European Heart Journal
- Vol. 40 (23), 1862-1869
- https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz316
Abstract
Aims: Device-related infection (DRI) is a severe complication to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) therapy. Device-related infection incidence and its risk factors differ between previous studies. We aimed to define the long-term incidence and incidence rates of DRI for different types of CIEDs in the complete Danish device-cohort and identify patient-, operation- and device-related risk factors for DRI. Methods and results: From the Danish Pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) Register, we included consecutive Danish patients undergoing CIED implantation or reoperation from January 1982 to April 2018, resulting in 97 750 patients, 128 045 operations and follow-up of in total 566 275 device years (DY). We identified 1827 DRI causing device removals. Device-related infection incidence during device lifetime was 1.19% (1.12–1.26) for PM, 1.91% (1.71–2.13) for ICD, 2.18% (1.78–2.64) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-pacemakers (CRT-P), and 3.35% (2.92–3.83) for CRT-defibrillators (CRT-D). Incidence rates in de novo implantations were 2.04/1000 DY for PM, 3.84 for ICD, 4.38 for CRT-P, and 6.76 for CRT-D. Using multiple-record and multiple-event per subject proportional hazard analysis, we identified implantation of complex devices (ICD and CRT), reoperations, prior DRI, male sex, and younger age as significantly associated with higher DRI risk. Conclusion: Overall risk of infection was low in PM implantations but considerably higher in CRT systems and after reinterventions. These data support the importance of evaluating all patients considered for CIED therapy thoroughly, in order to identify potential modifiable risk factors and reduce the risk of early reoperations.Keywords
Funding Information
- Danish Heart Association
- Region of Southern Denmark (15-R99-A5950-22895, 16/36792)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0018658)
This publication has 29 references indexed in Scilit:
- 16-Year Trends in the Infection Burden for Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in the United StatesJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 2011
- The Danish Civil Registration SystemScandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2011
- Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patientsEuropean Heart Journal, 2011
- Device‐Related Infection Among Patients With Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators: Incidence, Risk Factors, and ConsequencesJournal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 2010
- Prevalence and risk factors related to infections of cardiac resynchronization therapy devicesEuropean Heart Journal, 2009
- Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Device-Related InfectionCirculation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2009
- The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteriaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008
- Patient and Implanting Physician Factors Associated With Mortality and Complications After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation, 2002–2005Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 2008
- Quality assessment of pacemaker implantations in DenmarkEP Europace, 2002
- Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999American Journal of Infection Control, 1999