Hyperglycemia, Type 2 Diabetes, and Depressive Symptoms
Open Access
- 10 July 2009
- journal article
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 32 (10), 1867-1869
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0716
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the recent suggestion that impaired fasting glucose may protect against depression, whereas a diagnosis of diabetes might then result in depression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 4,228 adults (mean age 60.7 years, 73.0% men) who underwent oral glucose tolerance testing and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic factors, health behaviors, and clinical measurements (BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile, and blood pressure), there was a U-shaped association between fasting glucose and depression (Pcurve = 0.001), with elevated CES-D at low and very high glucose levels. This finding was replicable with 2-h postload glucose (P = 0.11) and A1C (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The U-shaped association between blood glucose and CES-D, with the lowest depression risk seen among those in the normoglycemic range of A1C, did not support the hypothesized protective effect of hyperglycemia.Keywords
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