Abstract
Little is known about the swimming of fish in which flexures of the body and caudal fin are not the main means of locomotion. Breder (1926) provides brief descriptive accounts and a useful classification of the main non-body modes of locomotion in teleosts. These are discussed in general terms by Harris (1937, 1953), Marshall (1965, pp. 31–41) and Lighthill (1969).

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