Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels: As an exosome delivery system in bone regeneration
Open Access
- 17 March 2023
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Vol. 14, 1131001
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1131001
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various ingredients such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins, which play a significant role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of exosomes in bone regeneration through promoting the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins in mesenchymal stem cells. However, the low targeting ability and short circulating half-life of exosomes limited their clinical application. In order to solve those problems, different delivery systems and biological scaffolds have been developed. Hydrogel is a kind of absorbable biological scaffold composed of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers. It not only has excellent biocompatibility and superior mechanical strength but can also provide a suitable nutrient environment for the growth of the endogenous cells. Thus, the combination between exosomes and hydrogels can improve the stability and maintain the biological activity of exosomes while achieving the sustained release of exosomes in the bone defect sites. As an important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and cancer. In recent years, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been used as an exosome delivery system for bone regeneration and have displayed positive effects. This review mainly summarized the potential mechanism of HA and exosomes in promoting bone regeneration and the application prospects and challenges of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as exosome delivery devices in bone regeneration.This publication has 166 references indexed in Scilit:
- Hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for tissue engineering—A reviewCarbohydrate Polymers, 2013
- Fully defined in situ cross-linkable alginate and hyaluronic acid hydrogels for myocardial tissue engineeringBiomaterials, 2013
- The biology of fracture healingInjury, 2011
- Bone regeneration: current concepts and future directionsBMC Medicine, 2011
- Mechanism involved in enhancement of osteoblast differentiation by hyaluronic acidBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2011
- Hyaluronic acid hydrogels with controlled degradation properties for oriented bone regenerationBiomaterials, 2010
- Nanostructured hybrid hydrogels prepared by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and free radical polymerizationBiomaterials, 2009
- The many ways to cleave hyaluronanBiotechnology Advances, 2007
- The effect of hyaluronan on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in rat calvarial‐derived cell culturesJournal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2003
- Chondrocytes Are Regulated by Cellular Adhesion Through CD44 and Hyaluronic Acid PathwayJournal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997