Effects of High Levels of Dietary Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Open Access
- 17 February 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Physiology
Abstract
A growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) replaced by linseed oil (LO) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, hepatic lipid metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish (initial weight: 15.88 ± 0.14 g) were fed four experimental diets with 0% (the control), 33.3%, 66.7%, and 100% of FO replaced by LO. Each diet was randomly attributed to triplicate seawater floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 2.0 m) with 60 fish in each cage. Results showed that the growth performance of fish fed the diet with 100% LO was markedly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while no remarkable difference was observed in the growth performance of fish fed diets within 66.7% LO (P > 0.05). The percentage of 18:3n-3 was the highest in the liver and muscle of fish fed the diet with 100% LO among the four treatments. When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, fish had a markedly higher total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and alanine transaminase activity in the serum than the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde was markedly higher, while the activity of catalase was markedly lower in fish fed the diet with 100% LO than the control group (P < 0.05). When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, hepatic lipid content, transcriptional levels of fatp1 and cd36, and CD36 protein expression were significantly higher, while transcriptional level of cpt-1 and CPT-1 protein expression were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). As for the gene expression of cytokines, fish fed the diet with 100% LO had markedly higher transcriptional levels of il-1β, tnfα, and il-6 than the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the substitution of 66.7% FO with LO had no significant effects on the growth performance of fish, while 100% LO decreased the growth performance and increased the inflammation and hepatic lipid content of fish. The increase of hepatic lipid content was probably due to the increased fatty acid uptake and decreased fatty acid oxidation in fish.Keywords
This publication has 70 references indexed in Scilit:
- Fish oil — How does it reduce plasma triglycerides?Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2012
- Effects of dietary linolenic acid to linoleic acid ratio on growth, tissue fatty acid profile and immune response of the juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricusAquaculture, 2012
- Multiple functions of microsomal triglyceride transfer proteinNutrition & Metabolism, 2012
- Fish oil replacement with different vegetable oils in Murray cod: Evidence of an “omega-3 sparing effect” by other dietary fatty acidsAquaculture, 2011
- Effect of dietary linolenic acid/linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, hepatic fatty acid profiles and intermediary metabolism of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidracoAquaculture, 2009
- Impact of n−3 fatty acid chain length and n−3/n−6 ratio in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) dietsAquaculture, 2007
- Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena croceaAquaculture, 2006
- Dietary methionine requirement of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea RAquaculture, 2006
- Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT MethodMethods, 2001
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects on PPAR transcription and acyl-CoA oxidase activity in hepatocytes by peroxisome proliferators and fatty acidsBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1997