Bio-Separated and Gate-Free 2D MoS2 Biosensor Array for Ultrasensitive Detection of BRCA1

Abstract

2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)-based thin film transistors are widely used in biosensing, and many efforts have been made to improve the detection limit and linear range. However, in addition to the complexity of device technology and biological modification, the compatibility of the physical device with biological solutions and device reusability have rarely been considered. Herein, we designed and synthesized an array of MoS₂ by employing a simple-patterned chemical vapor deposition growth method and meanwhile exploited a one-step biomodification in a sensing pad based on DNA tetrahedron probes to form a bio-separated sensing part. This solves the signal interference, solution erosion, and instability of semiconductor-based biosensors after contacting biological solutions, and also allows physical devices to be reused. Furthermore, the gate-free detection structure that we first proposed for DNA (BRCA1) detection demonstrates ultrasensitive detection over a broad range of 1 fM to 1 μM with a good linear response of R² = 0.98. Our findings provide a practical solution for high-performance, low-cost, biocompatible, reusable, and bio-separated biosensor platforms.