Active and fast particle driven Alfvén eigenmodes in Alcator C-Mod

Abstract

Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) are studied to assess their stability in high density reactor relevant regimes where $T_{\mathrm{i}}\approx T_{\mathrm{e}}$ and as a diagnostic tool. Stable AEs are excited with active magnetohydrodynamics antennas in the range of the expected AE frequency. Toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) damping rates between $0.5\mathrm{\%}<\gamma ∕\omega <4.5\mathrm{\%}$ have been observed in diverted and limited Ohmic plasmas. Unstable AEs are excited with a fast ion tail driven by H minority ion cyclotron radio frequency (ICRF) heating with electron densities in the range of ${\overline{n}}_e=0.5\text{–}2\times {10}^{20}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$ . Energetic particle modes or TAEs have been observed to decrease in frequency and mode number with time up to a large sawtooth collapse, indicating the role fast particles play in stabilizing sawteeth. In the current rise phase, unstable modes with frequencies that increase rapidly with time are observed with magnetic pick-up coils at the wall and phase contrast imaging density fluctuation measurements in the core. Modeling of these modes constrains the calculated safety factor profile to be very flat or with slightly reversed shear. AEs are found to be more stable for an inboard than for central or outboard ICRF resonances in qualitative agreement with modeling.