Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake With Fasting Glucose– and Insulin-Related Genetic Loci in Individuals of European Descent
Open Access
- 6 August 2010
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Diabetes Association in Diabetes Care
- Vol. 33 (12), 2684-2691
- https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1150
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits, including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising ∼48,000 participants of European descent, we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations. For tests of interaction, we considered a P value <0.0028 (0.05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant. RESULTS: Greater whole-grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics, other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (β [95% CI] per 1-serving-greater whole-grain intake: −0.009 mmol/l glucose [−0.013 to −0.005], P < 0.0001 and −0.011 pmol/l [ln] insulin [−0.015 to −0.007], P = 0.0003). No interactions met our multiple testing–adjusted statistical significance threshold. The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0.006), where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin-raising allele. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the favorable association of whole-grain intake with fasting glucose and insulin and suggest a potential interaction between variation in GCKR and whole-grain intake in influencing fasting insulin concentrations.Keywords
This publication has 33 references indexed in Scilit:
- Interactions between genetic factors that predict diabetes and dietary factors that ultimately impact on risk of diabetesCurrent Opinion in Lipidology, 2010
- New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes riskNature Genetics, 2010
- APOA2, Dietary Fat, and Body Mass IndexJAMA Internal Medicine, 2009
- The P446L variant in GCKR associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels exerts its effect through increased glucokinase activity in liverHuman Molecular Genetics, 2009
- Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) ConsortiumCirculation: Cardiovascular Genetics, 2009
- Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levelsNature Genetics, 2008
- Gene-Environment Interaction in Genome-Wide Association StudiesAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 2008
- Whole Grain, Bran, and Germ Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic ReviewPLoS Medicine, 2007
- Genes, environment and the value of prospective cohort studiesNature Reviews Genetics, 2006
- TCF7L2Polymorphisms and Progression to Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention ProgramThe New England Journal of Medicine, 2006