Investigation of Laminaria aqueous extract effect on thyroid gland morphological status in rats with experimental hypothyroidism induced by sodium perchlorate

Abstract

Topicality. The world is facing a heavy items of thyroid gland diseases. Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid dysfunction. Its prevalence in the general population is almost 2 %, and in some age groups (elderly women) can reach 6-8 % and is constantly increasing. The search and creation of safe and effective medicines of plant origin with minimized side manifestations is relevant and considered a promising area in the treatment of thyroid diseases.Aim. To determine the development degree of the hypothyroid state in rats and the establishment of the corrective effect of Laminaria aqueous extract on the thyroid morphological structure.Materials and methods. The experimental model of hypothyroidism is induced by oral administration of sodium perchlorate.Extract from Laminaria in a liquid form is made at the Department of Quality, Standardization and Certification of drugs in NUPh and is studied as a thyroid stimulating agent. Iodomarin was used as reference drug.Results and discussion. Changes in thyroid gland structure , which were diffused in nature, were observed in animals of pathology group model. The same changes were observed in all rats with certain fluctuations in the severity of hyperplastic processes. Changes in the structure of the follicles were reflected in the morphometric characteristics: the average external diameter of the follicles, the height of the thyrocytes and their number were significantly increased compared to intact animals. The absolute mass of the thyroid gland was increased by 1.72 folds, which indicates the goitrogenic effect of sodium perchlorate. Treatment of hypothyroid rats with the aqueous extract from Laminaria practically completely restored histological structure of thyroid gland to the status of intact animals. Morphometric indexes (with the exception of the external diameter of the follicles) and the mass of the thyroid gland did not return to the values of the IC, which may indicate a partial restoration of the functional activity of the thyroid gland. Iodomarin and extract from Laminaria cause a one-way action to the thyroid morphological structure.Conclusions. The investigated Laminaria aqueous extract in animals with perchlorate-induced hypothyroidism showed a clear corrective effect on the morphological state of the thyroid gland, practically restoring its structural and functional properties, and exceeded the efficiency of the reference drug Iodomarin.