Recurrence after Treatment for Pulmonary Multidrug‐Resistant Tuberculosis

Abstract
We estimated the proportion of recurrence within 2 years among adults cured by individualized multidrug-resistant tuberculosis regimens in Peru. Among 310 individuals with at least 24 months of follow-up, 16 experienced an episode of recurrent tuberculosis. If we assume the worst for treatment effectiveness—that all 16 episodes were caused by the original tuberculosis strain—then 5.2% (95% confidence interval, 3.0%–8.2%) experienced true relapse. This is an upper-bound estimate of relapse on which new regimens must improve.