Use of Alternative Specimens: Drugs of Abuse in Saliva and Doping Agents in Hair
- 1 April 2002
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- Vol. 24 (2), 239-246
- https://doi.org/10.1097/00007691-200204000-00006
Abstract
It is generally accepted that chemical testing of biologic fluids is the most objective means of diagnosis of drug use. The presence of a drug analyte in a biologic specimen can be used to document exposure. The standard for drug testing in toxicology is an immunoassay screen conducted on a urine sample, followed by confirmation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytic techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biologic specimens such as saliva or hair. The aim of this review is to document the current status of drugs of abuse testing in saliva and some doping agents in hair. The influence on drug concentration of the procedure of saliva sampling is described. Screening procedures along with specific methods are reviewed for the determination of amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and opiates in saliva. Before an extensive review on the detection of anabolics, corticosteroids, and beta-adrenergic stimulants in hair, the place of this specimen in doping control is discussed, with a focus on the potential problems of this new technology.Keywords
This publication has 19 references indexed in Scilit:
- Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay Using Up-Converting Phosphor TechnologyAnalytical Biochemistry, 2001
- The Effects of Collection Methods On Oral Fluid Codeine ConcentrationsJournal of Analytical Toxicology, 2000
- On-site testing of saliva and sweat with Drugwipe and determination of concentrations of drugs of abuse in saliva, plasma and urine of suspected users.International journal of legal medicine, 2000
- Is there a place for hair analysis in doping controls?Forensic Science International, 2000
- Analytical strategy for detecting doping agents in hairForensic Science International, 2000
- Testing hair for pharmaceuticalsJournal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1999
- Physiological concentrations of DHEA in human hair.Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 1999
- Identification of Testosterone and Testosterone Esters in Human HairJournal of Analytical Toxicology, 1999
- Testing for drugs of abuse in saliva and sweatJournal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1998
- Cocaine and Metabolite Excretion in Saliva under Stimulated and Nonstimulated ConditionsJournal of Analytical Toxicology, 1993