Analysis of a directional coupler by coupled modes of a single waveguide

Abstract

Analysis of a directional coupler by use of rigorous coupled-mode theory is presented. The coupling process is explained by the mutual coupling of modes of a single waveguide that is due to the presence of the other waveguide. It is explicitly shown by example that the radiation modes that take part in the coupling are just those needed to form the guided modes of the composite double-guide structure.