This chapter discusses the two key elements of Vía Campesina's resistance to neoliberal globalization. Neoliberal globalization is considered to be the successful building of unity within diversity, and the deeply political act of articulating a peasant identity. The chapter begins by briefly introducing La Vía Campesina, and continues with an examination of the factors that contributed to the rise, consolidation, and global articulation of this growing rural movement.