Exhaust emissions from light- and heavy-duty vehicles: chemical composition, impact of exhaust after treatment, and fuel parameters.
Open Access
- 1 October 1994
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Environmental Health Perspectives in Environmental Health Perspectives
- Vol. 102 (suppl 4), 13-23
- https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.94102s413
Abstract
This paper presents results from the characterization of vehicle exhaust that were obtained primarily within the Swedish Urban Air Project, "Tätortsprojektet." Exhaust emissions from both gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles have been investigated with respect to regulated pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], hydrocarbon [HC], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and particulate), unregulated pollutants, and in bioassay tests (Ames test, TCDD receptor affinity tests). Unregulated pollutants present in both the particle- and the semi-volatile phases were characterized. Special interest was focused on the impact of fuel composition on heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions. It was confirmed that there exists a quantifiable relationship between diesel-fuel variables of the fuel blends, the chemical composition of the emissions, and their biological effects. According to the results from the multivariate analysis, the most important fuel parameters are: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content, 90% distillation point, final boiling point, specific heat, aromatic content, density, and sulfur content.Keywords
This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Chemical analysis and biological testing of exhaust emissions from two catalyst equipped light duty vehicles operated at constant cruising speeds 70 and 90 km/h and during acceleration conditions from idling up to 70 and 90 km/hScience of The Total Environment, 1990
- Some aspects of the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) between particles and gas phase from diluted gasoline exhausts generated with the use of a dilution tunnel, and its validity for measurement in ambient airAtmospheric Environment (1967), 1988
- Characterization of polar polycyclic aromatic compounds in a heavy-duty diesel exhaust particulate by capillary column gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometryEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1988
- Effect of fuel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content on the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other mutagenic substances from a gasoline-fueled automobileEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1988
- Mutagenic properties of gasoline exhaustsEnvironment International, 1985
- Enrichment of gaseous compounds from diluted gasoline exhausts: A comparison between adsorption and cryogenic condensationEnvironment International, 1985
- Chemical and biological characterization of organic material from gasoline exhaust particlesEnvironmental Science & Technology, 1985
- Applicability of a cryogradient technique for the enrichment of PAH from automobile exhausts: demonstration of methodology and evaluation experiments.Environmental Health Perspectives, 1983
- Consensus Report: Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Car Exhausts and Coal Combustion EmissionsEnvironmental Health Perspectives, 1983
- Cross-Validatory Estimation of the Number of Components in Factor and Principal Components ModelsTechnometrics, 1978