Reduced Structural Connectivity of a Major Frontolimbic Pathway in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- 1 September 2012
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of General Psychiatry
- Vol. 69 (9), 925-34
- https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2178
Abstract
Emotion regulation deficits figure prominently in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and in other anxiety and mood disorders. Research examining emotion regulation and top-down modulation has implicated reduced coupling of the amygdala with prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting altered frontolimbic white matter connectivity in GAD. To investigate structural connectivity between ventral prefrontal cortex or anterior cingulate cortex areas and the amygdala in GAD and to assess associations with functional connectivity between those areas. Participants underwent diffusion-tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging. University magnetic resonance imaging facility. Forty-nine patients with GAD and 39 healthy volunteer control subjects, including a matched subset of 21 patients having GAD without comorbid Axis I diagnoses and 21 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and education. The mean fractional anisotropy values in the left and right uncinate fasciculus, as measured by tract-based analysis for diffusion-tensor imaging data. Lower mean fractional anisotropy values in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus indicated reduced frontolimbic structural connectivity in patients with GAD. This reduction in uncinate fasciculus integrity was most pronounced for patients without comorbidity and was not observed in other white matter tracts. Across all participants, higher fractional anisotropy values were associated with more negative functional coupling between the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala during the anticipation of aversion. Reduced structural connectivity of a major frontolimbic pathway suggests a neural basis for emotion regulation deficits in GAD. The functional significance of these structural differences is underscored by decreased functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala in individuals with reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus.Keywords
This publication has 82 references indexed in Scilit:
- Interactive Effect of Stressful Life Events and the Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTLPR Genotype on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in 2 Independent PopulationsArchives of General Psychiatry, 2009
- Preliminary Evidence of White Matter Abnormality in the Uncinate Fasciculus in Generalized Social Anxiety DisorderBiological Psychiatry, 2009
- Functional and Structural Connectivity Between the Perigenual Anterior Cingulate and Amygdala in Bipolar DisorderBiological Psychiatry, 2009
- Amygdala Function and 5-HTT Gene Variants in Adolescent Anxiety and Major Depressive DisorderBiological Psychiatry, 2009
- Prefrontal-Subcortical Pathways Mediating Successful Emotion RegulationNeuron, 2008
- Neural Circuitry Underlying the Regulation of Conditioned Fear and Its Relation to ExtinctionNeuron, 2008
- Amygdala and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation to Masked Angry Faces in Children and Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety DisorderArchives of General Psychiatry, 2008
- A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictor of Treatment Response to Venlafaxine in Generalized Anxiety DisorderBiological Psychiatry, 2008
- Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdalaNeuroImage, 2007
- Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey ReplicationArchives of General Psychiatry, 2005