Evaluation of Readministration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors After Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Cancer

Abstract

Marketing authorizations granted by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration have made immunotherapy a standard of care in cancer treatment. Along with the initially validated indications (metastatic melanoma,^1-3 adjuvant treatment,^4,5 and metastatic non–small cell lung cancer^6-8) for the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death 1), and anti–PD-L1 (programmed death 1 ligand 1), favorable response rates and survival rates have been observed for many other types of cancer, such as advanced renal cell carcinoma,^9,10 metastatic urothelial cancer,¹¹ relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma,¹² and mismatch repair–deficient colorectal cancer.¹³