Biofilm Produced In Vitro by Piscirickettsia salmonis Generates Differential Cytotoxicity Levels and Expression Patterns of Immune Genes in the Atlantic Salmon Cell Line SHK-1
Open Access
- 20 October 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by MDPI AG in Microorganisms
- Vol. 8 (10), 1609
- https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101609
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the causative agent of Piscirickettsiosis, an infectious disease with a high economic impact on the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry. This bacterium produces biofilm as a potential resistance and persistence strategy against stressful environmental stimuli. However, the in vitro culture conditions that modulate biofilm formation as well as the effect of sessile bacteria on virulence and immune gene expression in host cells have not been described for P. salmonis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the biofilm formation by P. salmonis isolates under several NaCl and iron concentrations and to evaluate the virulence of planktonic and sessile bacteria, together with the immune gene expression induced by these bacterial conditions in an Atlantic salmon macrophage cell line. Our results showed that NaCl and Fe significantly increased biofilm production in the LF-89 type strain and EM-90-like isolates. Additionally, the planktonic EM-90 isolate and sessile LF-89 generated the highest virulence levels, associated with differential expression of il-1β, il-8, nf-κb, and iκb-α genes in SHK-1 cells. These results suggest that there is no single virulence pattern or gene expression profile induced by the planktonic or sessile condition of P. salmonis, which are dependent on each strain and bacterial condition used.Keywords
Funding Information
- FONDECYT (1171357, 11180994)
This publication has 84 references indexed in Scilit:
- Biofilm Formation by the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium columnare: Development and Parameters Affecting Surface AttachmentApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2013
- Evidence of the Presence of a Functional Dot/Icm Type IV-B Secretion System in the Fish Bacterial Pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonisPLOS ONE, 2013
- Biofilm-derived Legionella pneumophila evades the innate immune response in macrophagesFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2013
- Staphylococcus epidermidis Uses Distinct Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation To Interfere with Phagocytosis and Activation of Mouse Macrophage-Like Cells 774A.1Infection and Immunity, 2011
- Lipopolysaccharide primes the respiratory burst of Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cells through protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of p47phoxDevelopmental & Comparative Immunology, 2010
- Bacterial biofilm shows persistent resistance to liquid wetting and gas penetrationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
- CXCL8 Chemokines in Teleost Fish: Two Lineages with Distinct Expression Profiles during Early Phases of InflammationPLOS ONE, 2010
- Inhibitory Effect of Biocides on the Viable Masses and Matrices of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa BiofilmsApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2010
- Molecular Mechanisms of System Control of NF-κB Signaling by IκBαBiochemistry, 2010
- A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCRNucleic Acids Research, 2001