A modified four-vessel occlusion model for inducing incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats.
- 1 July 1989
- journal article
- abstracts
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Stroke
- Vol. 20 (7), 938-946
- https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.20.7.938
Abstract
The four-vessel occlusion (4VO) model of Pulsinelli and Brierley (Stroke 1979;10:267-272) has been modified for use in halothane-nitrous oxide-anesthetized, physiologically controlled rats that were ventilating spontaneously. Selection criteria for the classification of severity of ischemia were established by correlating changes in the electroencephalogram and the general physiological status with measurements of regional blood flow and regional energy metabolism. In 13% of animals, 4VO did not cause flattening of the electroencephalogram, and such animals were classified as undergoing only "oligemia." In 65% of rats, the electroencephalogram flattened and blood pressure sharply increased with 4VO, whereas spontaneous respiration continued. This group exhibited almost complete ischemia in autoradiographic blood-flow studies, severe acidosis, and depletion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and glucose in the forebrain and, hence, was classified as the "ischemia" group. The remaining 22% stopped breathing after vascular occlusion and were rejected for further study. Survival experiments of ischemic animals revealed the typical postischemic sequelae, with primary metabolic recovery after 8 hours of recirculation in all brain structures followed after 8-24 hours by severe biochemical deterioration and neuronal death in the striatum and hippocampus. Postischemic seizure activity was rare. The main advantages of the present modification in comparison with the original method are 1) the application of anesthesia without loss of primary selection criteria, 2) the possibility of invasive physiological monitoring, and 3) the absence of postischemic seizures, which eliminates the necessity for secondary selection criteria.Keywords
This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Cerebral resuscitation: Pathophysiology and therapyNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1987
- Pial Artery Pressure after One Hour of Global IschemiaJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 1987
- Lactate and pH in the Brain: Association and Dissociation in Different Pathophysiological StatesJournal of Neurochemistry, 1987
- Photochemically Induced Cortical Infarction in the Rat. 1. Time Course of Hemodynamic ConsequencesJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 1986
- Regional cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral ischemia produced by bilateral vertebral and carotid artery occlusion.Folia Pharmacologica Japonica, 1985
- Experimental Brain Ischemia: Neuron‐Specific Enolase Level in Cerebrospinal Fluid as an Index of Neuronal DamageJournal of Neurochemistry, 1984
- Physiological and biochemical study of temporary cerebral ischemic rats produced by bilateral vertebral and carotid artery occlusionFolia Pharmacologica Japonica, 1984
- Recirculation in the Rat Brain following Incomplete IschemiaJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 1983
- Regional Energy Balance in Rat Brain After Transient Forebrain IschemiaJournal of Neurochemistry, 1983
- Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemiaAnnals of Neurology, 1982