Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the 2 diseases together represent a deadly duo [1]. The TB epidemic has been aggravated by the HIV epidemic, particularly in developing and resource-limited regions of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 9.2 million new cases and 14.2 million prevalent cases of TB globally in 2006 [2]. It is estimated that 1.2 million deaths in 2006 were attributable to TB. Globally, there were an estimated 709,000 new cases of TB among HIV-infected persons in 2006. Africa accounts for 85% of these cases, India accounts for 3.3%, Europe accounts for 1.8%, and other countries account for 9.4% [2]. The burden of TB is increasing in countries such as South Africa, where the rate of HIV infection is still very high. Currently, the incidence of TB is close to 1000 cases per 100,000 persons in South Africa [2]. It is comforting that emerging data support the hypothesis that coadministration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) to patients who are receiving treatment for active TB improves morbidity and mortality [3]. The question of early versus delayed introduction of HAART should be answered by the A5221 Study of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the Cambodian Early vs. Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals (CAMELIA) Study [4]. Concurrent treatment of HIV infection in patients who are receiving anti-TB treatment is a top priority in countries with a high burden of HIV infection and TB burden. Therefore, it is important that HAART be prescribed to eligible patients receiving anti-TB treatment with confidence and safety.