Staging of bladder cancer
- 18 December 2018
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Histopathology
- Vol. 74 (1), 112-134
- https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13734
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a heterogeneous disease with multiple possible treatment modalities and a wide spectrum of clinical outcome. Treatment decisions and prognostic expectations hinge on accurate and precise staging, and the recently published American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 8th edition, should be the basis for staging of urinary bladder tumours. It is unfortunate that the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) 8th edition failed to incorporate new data which is considered in the AJCC 8th edition. Thus, the AJCC 8th edition is the focus of this review. Several critical changes and clarifications are made by the AJCC 8th edition relative to the 7th edition. Although the most obvious changes in the 8th edition are in the N (i.e. perivesical lymph node involvement now classified as N1) and M (i.e. M1 is subdivided into M1a and M1b) categories, several points are clarified in the T category (e.g. substaging of pT1 should be attempted). Further optimisation, however, is required. No particular method of substaging pT1 is formally recommended. In this review, these modifications are discussed, as well as points, which require further study and optimisation.Keywords
This publication has 180 references indexed in Scilit:
- External validation of disease-free survival at 2 or 3 years as a surrogate and new primary endpoint for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladderEuropean Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2012
- Prognostic Significance of Substaging according to the Depth of Lamina Propria Invasion in Primary T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the BladderKorean Journal of Urology, 2012
- Prognostic Risk Stratification of Pathological Stage T3N0 Bladder Cancer After Radical CystectomyJournal of Urology, 2011
- Radical cystectomy for patients with pT4 urothelial carcinoma in a large population‐based studyBJU International, 2010
- Comparison of the new American Joint Committee on Cancer substratification in node-negative pT2 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: analysis of patient outcomes in a contemporary seriesBJU International, 2010
- Predictive Value of Combined Immunohistochemical Markers in Patients With pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma at Radical CystectomyJournal of Urology, 2009
- Radical Cystectomy for Carcinoma of the Bladder: 2,720 Consecutive Cases 5 Years LaterJournal of Urology, 2008
- P0 Stage at Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer is Associated with Improved Outcome Independent of Traditional Clinical Risk FactorsEuropean Urology, 2007
- Population Based Survival Data on Urachal TumorsJournal of Urology, 2006
- Reproducibility and Prognostic Variability of Grade and Lamina Propria Invasion in Stages Ta, T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the BladderJournal of Urology, 2003