Stable isotope constraints on Holocene carbon cycle changes from an Antarctic ice core
- 1 September 2009
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature
- Vol. 461 (7263), 507-510
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08393
Abstract
Reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 concentrations based on Antarctic ice cores(1,2) reveal significant changes during the Holocene epoch, but the processes responsible for these changes in CO2 concentrations have not been unambiguously identified. Distinct characteristics in the carbon isotope signatures of the major carbon reservoirs (ocean, biosphere, sediments and atmosphere) constrain variations in the CO2 fluxes between those reservoirs. Here we present a highly resolved atmospheric delta C-13 record for the past 11,000 years from measurements on atmospheric CO2 trapped in an Antarctic ice core. From mass-balance inverse model calculations(3,4) performed with a simplified carbon cycle model, we show that the decrease in atmospheric CO2 of about 5 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.). The increase in delta C-13 of about 0.25 parts per thousand during the early Holocene is most probably the result of a combination of carbon uptake of about 290 gigatonnes of carbon by the land biosphere and carbon release from the ocean in response to carbonate compensation of the terrestrial uptake during the termination of the last ice age. The 20 p.p.m.v. increase of atmospheric CO2 and the small decrease in delta C-13 of about 0.05 parts per thousand during the later Holocene can mostly be explained by contributions from carbonate compensation of earlier land-biosphere uptake and coral reef formation, with only a minor contribution from a small decrease of the land-biosphere carbon inventory.This publication has 28 references indexed in Scilit:
- High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before presentNature, 2008
- Simulating effects of land use changes on carbon fluxes: past contributions to atmospheric CO2 increases and future commitments due to losses of terrestrial sink capacityTellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2008
- Rapid Early Development of Circumarctic Peatlands and Atmospheric CH 4 and CO 2 VariationsScience, 2006
- Transient simulations of Holocene atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrestrial carbon since the Last Glacial MaximumGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004
- The Anthropogenic Greenhouse Era Began Thousands of Years AgoClimatic Change, 2003
- Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations over the Last Glacial TerminationScience, 2001
- Glacial/interglacial variations in atmospheric carbon dioxideNature, 2000
- Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, AntarcticaNature, 1999
- Long‐term variability of the terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks and the budgets of the carbon isotopes 13C and 14CGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles, 1998
- Terrestrial carbon storage during the past 200 years: A Monte Carlo Analysis of CO2 data from ice core and atmospheric measurementsGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles, 1997