Flower-visiting by hymenopteran parasitoids

Abstract

The inflorescences of 53 plant species in a variety of habitats were examined for the presence of adult hymenopteran parasitoids (‘Parasitica’ only), and the wasps observed for feeding behaviour. At inflorescences of 32 of the plant species examined, over 1000 parasitoid individuals were observed displaying feeding behaviour (either feeding at nectaries or displaying behaviour associated with searching for food). Over 900 individuals were collected. Around 250 species belonging to 15 families of Hymenoptera were represented. The taxonomic, behavioural and ecological significance of known parasitoid-food plant associations are discussed, and the literature reviewed.