Neomycin, Spermine and Hexaamminecobalt(III) Share Common Structural Motifs in Converting B- to A-DNA

Abstract

The (dG)_n·(dC)_n-containing 34mer DNA duplex [d(A₂G₁₅C₁₅T2)]₂ can be effectively converted from the B-DNA to the A-DNA conformation by neomycin, spermine and Co(NH₃)₆³⁺. Conversion is demonstrated by a characteristic red shift in the circular dichroism spectra and dramatic NMR spectral changes in chemical shifts. Additional support comes from the substantially stronger CH6/GH8-H3′ NOE intensities of the ligand-DNA complexes than those from the native DNA duplex. Such changes are consistent with a deoxyribose pucker transition from the predominate C2′-endo (S-type) to the C3′-endo (N-type). The changes for all three ligand-DNA complexes are identical, suggesting that those three complex cations share common structural motifs for the B- to A-DNA conversion. The A-DNA structure of the 4:1 complex of Co(NH₃)₆³⁺/d(ACCCGCGGGT) has been analyzed by NOE-restrained refinement. The structural basis of the transition may be related to the closeness of the two negatively charged sugar-phosphate backbones along the major groove in A-DNA, which can be effectively neutralized by the multivalent positively charged amine functions of these ligands. In addition, ligands like spermine or Co(NH₃)₆³⁺ can adhere to guanine bases in the deep major groove of the double helix, as is evident from the significant direct NOE cross-peaks from the protons of Co(NH₃)₆³⁺ to GH8, GH1 (imino) and CH4 (amino) protons. Our results point to future directions in preparing more potent derivatives of Co(NH₃)₆³⁺ for RNA binding or the induction of A-DNA.