Pertinent Techniques for Compacting Concrete

Abstract
With well proportioned and mixed concrete, the final quality in the hardened state will depend upon how pertinently the fresh mixture is placed, distributed, and consolidated before it will be appropriately cured. Based on the writer's joint experiences, this paper gives pertinent techniques for compacting concrete in: (1) Slabs and beams; (2) columns and shafts; (3) walls and bulkheads; (4) densely reinforced members; and (5) mass concrete. It also suggests areas for further research and development.