Pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
- 30 August 2011
- journal article
- case report
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in European Spine Journal
- Vol. 21 (1), 13-22
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-1986-0
Abstract
Pedicle screw instrumentation in AIS has advantages of rigid fixation, improved deformity correction and a shorter fusion, but needs an exacting technique. The author has been using the K-wire method with intraoperative single PA and lateral radiographs, because it is safe, accurate and fast. Pedicle screws are inserted in every segment on the correction side (thoracic concave) and every 2–3 on the supportive side (thoracic convex). After an over-bent rod is inserted on the corrective side, the rod is rotated 90° counterclockwise. This maneuver corrects the coronal and sagittal curves. Then the vertebra is derotated by direct vertebral rotation (DVR) correcting the rotational deformity. The direction of DVR should be opposite to that of the vertebral rotation. A rigid rod has to be used to prevent the rod from straightening out during the rod derotation and DVR. The ideal classification of AIS should address all curve patterns, predicts accurate fusion extent and have good inter/intraobserver reliability. The Suk classification matches the ideal classification is simple and memorable, and has only four structural curve patterns; single thoracic, double thoracic, double major and thoracolumbar/lumbar. Each curve has two types, A and B. When using pedicle screws in thoracic AIS, curves are usually fused from upper neutral to lower neutral vertebra. Identification of the end vertebra and the neutral vertebra is important in deciding the fusion levels and the direction of DVR. In lumbar AIS, fusion is performed from upper neutral vertebra to L3 or L4 depending on its curve types. Rod derotation and DVR using pedicle screw instrumentation give true three dimensional deformity correction in the treatment of AIS. Suk classification with these methods predicts exact fusion extent and is easy to understand and remember.Keywords
This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Determination of Distal Fusion Level With Segmental Pedicle Screw Fixation in Single Thoracic Idiopathic ScoliosisSpine, 2003
- Decompensation following scoliosis surgery: treatment by decreasing the correction of the main thoracic curve or "letting the spine go"European Spine Journal, 2000
- An algorithm for selection of instrumentation levels in scoliosisEuropean Spine Journal, 1998
- Peroperative Three-Dimensional Correction of Idiopathic Scoliosis With the Cotrel-Dubousset ProcedureSpine, 1995
- Segmental Pedicle Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Thoracic Idiopathic ScoliosisSpine, 1995
- Recognition and Treatment of the Proximal Thoracic Curve in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated with Cotrel-Dubousset InstrumentationSpine, 1994
- Comparison of Zielke Ventral Derotation System and Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation in the Treatment of Idiopathic Lumbar and Thoracolumbar ScoliosisSpine, 1994
- Analysis of the Upper Thoracic Curve in Surgically Treated Idiopathic ScoliosisSpine, 1993
- Fusion Levels and Hook Patterns in Thoracic Scoliosis with Cotrel-Dubousset InstrumentationSpine, 1990
- Internal Fixation of the Lumbar Spine with Pedicle Screw PlatingClinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1986