Measurement of the proximity effect in ferromagnetic-normal metal thin film sandwiches

Abstract
A spin polarized tunneling measurement shows that ferromagnetism is suppressed in films of Ni thinner than three atomic layers when in contact with Al. In contrast, ferromagnetism was found in Fe, Co, Gd, and Tm films only one atomic layer thick when backed with Al. The present results agree with measurements of Ni, Fe, and Co using the anomalous Hall effect, but do not agree with photoemission results on Ni.